Vol. 28, No.2

1. According to the article, breeding problems in Australian sheep were theorized to have been caused by their feed of isoflavones-rich clover. What is the stated correlation to a soy-rich diet in humans?

a. The amount of isoflavones that these sheep consumed exceeded any possible exposure through soy foods.

b. These sheep consumed excessive dietary fiber, affecting their absorption of isoflavones—which would not occur in humans

c. These sheep metabolize isoflavones differently than humans.

d. Water consumption of these sheep in the 1940s was limited, which nullified the relationship of breeding problems to diet.

2. The research study performed by Cassidy et al. suggests that the reason for increased menstrual cycle length with increased isoflavones consumption is due to surges in all of the following, EXCEPT:

a. Gonadotrophins

b. Luteinizing hormone

c. Follicle-stimulating hormone

d. Testosterone

3. All of the following were cited by the article as rationale for the speculation that soy may decrease the likelihood of pregnancy, EXCEPT:

a. A delay in ovulation

b. Increased follicular phase length

c. Suppressed mid-cycle hormone surges

d. Shorter menstrual cycle

4. The Japanese observational study that was cited in the article found that among the study population:

a. Soy intake decreased menstrual cycle length

b. Soy intake was unrelated to menstrual length

c. Polyunsaturated fat was positively related to menstrual cycle length

d. Dietary fiber was negatively related to menstrual cycle length

5. The U.S. observational study that was reviewed in the article concluded that urinary levels of individual isoflavones ________ menstrual cycle length (after adjusting for confounders).

a. Increased

b. Decreased

c. Maintained

d. Were unrelated to

6. The prospective cohort study that included bisphenol A (BPA) as a possible endocrine disruptor related to fertility concluded that:

a. Soyfood intake slightly increased the harmful effects of BPA

b. Soyfood intake negated the harmful effects of BPA

c. Soyfood intake significantly increased the harmful effects of BPA

d. There was no difference in BPA effects related to soyfood intake.

7. The article suggests that the idea of soy feminizing men was, in large part, due to a single case report. It was reported that the amount of isoflavones that this older man consumed was approximately ____ times the typical Japanese intake.

a. 2

b. 4

c. 6

d. 9

8. The reported meta-analysis of clinical studies related to male fertility found statistically significant effects of isoflavone exposure on circulating levels of all of the following, EXCEPT: .

a. Total testosterone

b. Free testosterone

c. Free estrogen

d. Free androgen index

9. The article reported that a follow-up study regarding couples undergoing infertility treatment with in vitro fertilization found that the male partner’s intake of soyfoods and soy isoflavones _______ fertilization rates and live births.

a. Was unrelated to

b. Increased

c. Decreased

d. Maintained

10. According to the article, a case report regarding isoflavone supplementation in a male with low sperm concentrations suggested that:

a. Isoflavones may cause infertility

b. Isoflavones may be a treatment for low-sperm concentration

c. Isoflavone supplementation had no effect on male fertility

d. Isoflavone supplementation should be discouraged in all populations

11. According to the “Healthy Handout”, ____% of non-pregnant U.S. women ages 15-49 years have iron deficiency.

a. 5

b. 10

c. 15

d. 20

12. The “Healthy Handout” states that a statistical analysis of 41 studies suggests a link between multivitamin use and reduced risk of:

a. Obesity

b. Heart and limb defects

c. Osteoporosis

d. Coronary heart disease

Continuing Professional Education Credit